Retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço para o tratamento cirúrgico do trauma elétrico da mão: relato de caso / Reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm for the surgical treatment of electric hand trauma: Case report

Introdução: Lesões que acometem as mãos com importante perda cutânea frequentemente requerem retalhos para cobertura precoce, visto que permitem melhor reabilitação. Dentre as opções, o retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço é o mais utilizado para defeitos no dorso da mão e punho, com baixas taxas de complicações. Normalmente, esse retalho não é utilizado para a reconstrução de defeitos em região palmar, já que geralmente não alcança esse local. Relato de caso: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com queimadura elétrica de terceiro grau, em palma da mão direita, cuja reconstrução foi realizada com o uso do retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço, após debridamentos conservadores, no 14o dia após a queimadura. O paciente apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória, sem complicações ou sequelas funcionais a longo prazo. Conclusão: O retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço permite cobertura adequada de lesões em palma da mão, preservando sua funcionalidade.

Introduction: Lesions affecting the hands with significant skin loss often require flaps for early coverage, as these permit faster healing. Among the various options, the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm is most commonly used for defects involving the back of the hand and wrist due to low complication rates. Normally, this flap is not used for the reconstruction of defects in the palmar region since its distal reach is insufficient. Case report: We present the case of a male patient with third-degree electrical burns on his right palm, whose reconstruction was performed on the 14th day postinjury using the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm after conservative debridement. The patient presented good postoperative evolution, without long-term complications or functional sequelae. Conclusion: The reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm permits adequate coverage of palm injuries, preserving its functionality.

Reporte de caso: luxación simultánea carpometacarpiana del pulgar y los cuatro dedos / Case report: simultaneous carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb and four fingers / Relato de caso: deslocamento carpometacarpal simultâneo do polegar e quatro dedos

Introducción: Las luxaciones carpo-metacarpianas son lesiones poco frecuentes, que van del 0.5 al 1% de las luxaciones de los huesos de la mano. Siendo extremadamente infrecuente la luxación simultanea de los 5 dedos. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es documentar una lesión poco frecuente producida en un paciente asistido en nuestro centro. Así como realizar una puesta a punto sobre las medidas diagnósticas y terapéuticas de dicha lesión. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 63 años, diestro, artesano en hierro y madera, que sufre un accidente de tránsito de alta energía en moto versus auto, sufriendo traumatismo en mano derecha, sin presentar otros traumatismos. De la exploración física, en el departamento de emergencia, se constata la mano derecha dolorida con gran deformidad en dorso. Se diagnosticó: luxación dorsal carpo-metacarpiano de los 5 metacarpianos, con fractura del sector distal del trapecio, trapezoide, hueso grande y ganchoso. Se realizó reducción cerrada en block quirúrgico con anestesia general, siendo la reducción inestable se colocan agujas de Kirschner para su estabilización. Se confecciona, además, una férula de yeso de protección. Se solicitó una tomografía computada de control donde se objetiva buena reducción de las 5 articulaciones carpo-metacarpianas. Se retiraron las agujas de Kirschner a las 6 semanas. A los 3 meses de la lesión presenta una mano indolora, con buen rango de movilidad, con disminución a la fuerza prensil máxima comparada con la contralateral. El paciente reanuda sus tareas, incorporándose totalmente al trabajo a los 6 meses. Presenta, al año de la cirugía, un score de DASH excelente. Discusión: Las luxaciones de los 5 metacarpianos son lesiones extremadamente raras. Se han reportado en el mundo menos de 20 casos. A pesar de los elementos clínicos sugestivos, el diagnostico de esta lesión es difícil, siendo fundamental contar con un enfoque radiológico de perfil estricto de mano. Los resultados de esta lesión son inciertos, la función de la mano y la muñeca se mantiene pero frecuentemente asociado a una reducción de fuerza prensil. Este tipo de trauma lleva, en mayor o menor grado, al desarrollo de artrosis carpo metacarpiana a largo plazo.

Introduction: Carpometacarpal join dislocations, are really infrequent injuries, with an incidence that goes from 0,5 to 1% of all bone hand dislocations. Being extremely rare the simultaneous luxation of all five fingers. Objectives: Our work objective is to report a very infrequent injury found on a patient treated at our medical center. As well as getting up to date with diagnosis and treatment of such injury. Clinical case: A 63 year old male case is presented, right-handed, wood and iron artisan, who was involved in a high-impact car crush against a motorbike, suffering a trauma on his right hand, without any other injuries. At the emergency room, the physical examination showed a painful right hand deformed on the back. His diagnosis was dorsal carpometacarpal luxation of all 5 metacarpus, with a distal fracture of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate bones. A closed reduction at the surgical room was performed, with general anesthesia, being the reduction unstable therefore Kirschner needles were used for stabilization. A plaster cast was used for its protection. A control tomography was performed showing good reduction of all 5 carpometacarpal joints. Kirschner needles were taken out 6 weeks later, at which point the rehabilitation program was started with the physiatrist team. Three months after the injury, the hand was painless, with a good range of movement, a diminished maximum catching strength compared with the other hand. The patient restarted his usual chores, fully reincorporating to his job 6 months later. He presents an excellent DASH score one year after surgery. Discussion: Luxation of all 5 metacarpus is an extremely rare injury. It has been reported less than 20 cases worldwide. In spite of clinical suggestive elements, the diagnosis of this injury is quite difficult, being of great importance to count with x-rays with a straight profile incidence of the hand. The results of this injury are uncertain; the functionality of the hand and wrist is frequently sustained associated with a reduction of the catching strength. This type of trauma will end up developing in greater or lesser degree, long term carpometacarpal arthrosis.

Introdução: As luxações carpo-metacarpianas são lesões raras, variando de 0,5 a 1% das luxações dos ossos da mão. O deslocamento simultâneo dos 5 dedos é extremamente incomum. Objetivo: O objetivo do nosso trabalho é documentar uma lesão rara produzida em um paciente assistido em nosso centro. Bem como realizar um set-up nas medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas da referida lesão. Caso clínico: O caso de um homem de 63 anos, destro, artesão em ferro e madeira, que sofre um acidente de motocicleta de alta energia em uma motocicleta contra um carro, sofrendo traumatismo em sua mão direita, sem apresentar outras lesões, é apresentado. A partir do exame físico no pronto-socorro, há uma dor na mão direita com grande deformidade nas costas. Foi diagnosticado: luxação metacarpal do dorsal do carpo dos 5 metacarpos, com fratura do setor trapézio distal, trapézio, osso grande e hamato. Uma redução fechada foi realizada em um bloco cirúrgico com anestesia geral, com a redução instável sendo colocada com fios K para estabilização. Uma tala de gesso protetora também é feita. Solicitou-se tomografia computadorizada de controle, onde foi observada boa redução das 5 articulações carpo-metacarpianas. Os fios de Kirschner foram removidos às 6 semanas. Aos 3 meses após a lesão, ele apresenta uma mão indolor, com boa amplitude de mobilidade, com diminuição da força preênsil máxima em comparação com a força contralateral. O paciente retoma suas tarefas, ingressando totalmente no trabalho aos 6 meses. Um excelente escore DASH é apresentado um ano após a cirurgia. Discussão: As luxações dos 5 metacarpos são lesões extremamente raras. Menos de 20 casos foram relatados no mundo. Apesar dos elementos clínicos sugestivos, o diagnóstico dessa lesão é difícil, sendo fundamental a abordagem radiológica do perfil estrito da mão. Os resultados dessa lesão são incertos, a função da mão e do punho é mantida, mas freqüentemente associada a uma redução na força de preensão. Este tipo de trauma leva, em maior ou menor grau, ao desenvolvimento de artrose metacarpal do carpo a longo prazo.

Tratamento pós-operatório de tenorrafias dos tendões flexores da mão: uma revisão narrativa / Post-operative treatment of tenorrhaphies of the flexor tendons of the hand: a narrative review

Objetivos: Revisar a literatura quanto à conduta pós-operatória mais adequada para o tratamento das lesões dos tendões flexores da mão. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, com as seguintes palavras indexadas "digitorum profundus tendon", "digitorum superficialis tendon", "hand tendon injuries", "hand tendon repair", "hand tendon surgery", "early passive mobilization", "controlled active motion", "flexor tendon repair surgery", "postoperative hand rehabilitation". A data de seleção se restringiu entre os anos de 2010 a 2018. Foram encontrados 149 artigos e, desses, 9 foram escolhidos para a análise deste estudo, por atenderem os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: É consenso entre os artigos analisados que o movimento dos dígitos após a cirurgia é fundamental para a recuperação do déficit motor da mão. O movimento na intensidade apropriada previne rupturas e aderências tendíneas. Além do movimento, há um impasse quanto ao modo de imobilização do punho. Conclusão: A análise dos estudos indica que a melhor opção de tratamento pós-operatório é a mobilização ativa precoce, pelo fato de o índice de adesão tendínea ser baixíssimo. Resta dúvida se a posição do punho pode interferir no índice de ruptura dos tendões.

Objectives: To review the literature on the most appropriate postoperative question for the treatment of injuries of the flexor tendons of the hand. Methods: A search was performed in the MEDLINE / PUBMED database, with the following words indexed "digitorum profundus tendon", "digitorum superficialis tendon", "hand tendon injuries", "hand tendon repair", "hand tendon surgery", "early passive mobilization, "" controlled active motion, "" flexor tendon repair surgery, "" postoperative hand rehabilitation. "The selection date was restricted between 2010 and 2018. 149 articles were found and 9 were selected for analysis of this study, because they met the inclusion criteria. Results: It is a consensus among the articles that concern the movement of patients after surgery is fundamental, for a recovery of the motor deficit of the hand. The movement in the struggle for correction prevents tendinous ruptures and adhesions. In addition, there is a stalemate regarding the mode of immobilization of the wrist. Conclusion: The analysis of the studies indicates that the best option for postoperative treatment is active early mobilization, because the tendon adhesion index is very low. Whether the wrist position may interfere with tendon rupture rates remains to be questioned.

Reconstrução tardia na mão traumatizada com perda de múltiplos dedos / Late reconstruction of a traumatized hand with loss of multiple fingers

As lesões mutilantes de mão são um desafio para o cirurgião de mão e o paciente. O cirurgião deve tomar decisões desde o debridamento inicial, escolhendo quais dedos e articulações serão preservadas e uso apropriado das partes a serem retiradas. A reconstrução tardia é a segunda parte dessa difícil tarefa. Dificuldade que se atribui à particularidade de cada lesão, do grande número de possibilidades de tratamento e seus diversos níveis de complexidade que devem ser adequados à necessidade e motivação pessoal de cada paciente. Este relato de caso apresenta uma reconstrução tardia de mão com perda de indicador e dedo médio com transplante de articulação metacarpofalângica de indicador para função de interfalangeana proximal de dedo médio.

Mutilating hand injuries are a challenge to both the hand surgeon and the patient. The surgeon must make decisions ranging from the initial debridement to which fingers and joints will be preserved and the appropriate use of the parts to be removed. Late reconstruction constitutes the second part of this difficult task. The difficulty attributed to the characteristics of each lesion, the large number of treatment possibilities, and the different levels of complexity must be adapted to the personal needs and motivation of each patient. This case report describes a late hand reconstruction with index and middle finger loss, using metacarpophalangeal joint transplantation of the index finger to gain the proximal interphalangeal function of the middle finger.

Osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con tornillos centromedulares canulados para fracturas de metacarpianos / Minimal invasive osteosynthesis with cannulated screws in metacarpal fractures

Resumen: Antecedentes: Las fracturas de los metacarpianos comprenden de 18 a 44% de las fracturas de la mano. La mayoría de las fracturas simples de cuello y transversales diafisiarias de metacarpianos pueden ser tratadas de manera conservadora con buenos resultados. Sin embargo, en el caso de fracturas inestables no existe un estándar de oro para la osteosíntesis y ningún método ha mostrado hasta la fecha superioridad sobre los demás. Recientemente ha habido publicaciones sobre osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados centromedulares sin cabeza retrógrados con buenos resultados funcionales en fracturas de cuello y transversales diafisiarias de metacarpianos. Material y métodos: Series de casos con seguimiento a corto plazo tratados con osteosíntesis retrógrada con tornillos canulados sin cabeza en nueve fracturas de cuello de quinto metacarpiano, una de cuello de cuarto metacarpiano y una transversal diafisiaria de quinto metacarpiano. Resultados: Todos los pacientes lograron consolidación radiográfica y al mes de seguimiento tenían arcos de movimiento completos y realizaban actividades habituales. Una paciente con mano traumática y fractura de quinto metacarpiano presentó limitación de arcos de movimiento. En un caso con hueso osteoporótico y conminución de cortical volar no logramos evitar la pérdida de altura con tornillos, por lo que utilizamos clavillos Kirschner. Conclusión: La osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con tornillos canulados retrógrados sin cabeza es una buena opción para el tratamiento de fracturas transversales de diáfisis y de cuello de metacarpianos inestables porque es mínimamente invasiva y permite movilización y regreso temprano a actividades habituales.

Abstract: Metacarpal fractures comprise 18 to 44% of hand fractures. Fractures from the second to the fifth metacarpals are 88% of the metacarpal fractures and fractures of the fifth metacarpals are the most common. Fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal are about 20% of all the hand fractures. Most of these fractures can be treated conservatively with good functional results. However, for those neck and shaft unstable fractures that need surgical treatment, there is no gold standard for osteosynthesis. Recently, there have been reports of minimally invasive osteosynthesis using headless retrograde intramedullary cannulated screws with good functional results. Material and methods: We report our short term experience treating nine fifth metacarpal neck fractures, one fourth metacarpal neck fracture and a transverse fifth metacarpal shaft fracture that did not fulfill criteria for conservative treatment. We treated them with minimally invasive osteosynthesis using retrograde intramedullary headless cannulated screws. Results: All patients showed radiographic healing and had full range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint at one month follow up except for one patient who suffered a dorsal mutilating hand injury along with a fifth metacarpal neck fracture. One patient had osteoporotic bone and we could not control height loss with screws, so we had to use k-wires. Conclusion: Minimally invasive osteosynthesis with cannulated headless retrograde screws is a good option to treat neck and transverse diaphyseal fractures of the metacarpals. It confers a stable construct that allows early range of motion and return to activities.

Resultados de la aplicación de colgajos homodigitales neurovascularizados en los defectos cutáneos del pulpejo digital / Résultats de l'utilisation du lambeau neurovasculaire homodigital dans les défauts de la pulpe digitale / Results of the Application of Neurovascular Homodigital Flaps on Cutaneous Defects of Digital Fingertips

Introducción: las lesiones traumáticas de las manos encabezan la lista de accidentes laborales industriales. El tratamiento de estas lesiones tiene como objetivo restablecer la función de la punta del dedo, mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivo: evaluar resultados de la aplicación de colgajos homodigitales neurovascularizados en las lesiones con pérdida compleja de sustancia del pulpejo digital de los dedos largos de la mano . Método: se realizó una investigación de tipo observacional, descriptiva de serie de casos en 33 pacientes con lesión del pulpejo digital de los dedos largos de la mano en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras en el período comprendido desde el 1ro. de octubre de 2013 hasta el 30 de enero de 2015; se aplicaron colgajos homodigitales neurovascularizados monopediculados de circulación directa (17 pacientes) o indirecta (16 pacientes). Resultados: el sexo más afectado fue el masculino, con una mayor frecuencia en los pacientes entre 36-41 y > 41 años edad. Se constataron 4 complicaciones (12 por ciento de la muestra en estudio). Con la aplicación de las técnicas quirúrgicas se logró 72,7 por ciento de resultados entre excelentes y buenos, así como una adecuada sensibilidad protectora y una cobertura cutánea satisfactoria. La satisfacción de los pacientes fue significativa (93,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: se demostró la eficacia de la aplicación de los colgajos homodigitales neurovascularizados en las pérdidas complejas de sustancia del pulpejo en los dedos largos de la mano(AU)

Introduction: traumatic injuries of the hand are in the top list of industrial working accidents. The treatment of these injuries has as goal to restore the function of fingertips, improving the patients' quality of life. Objective: evaluate results of the application of neurovascular homodigital flaps on cutaneous defects of digital fingertips of the hand large fingers. Method: an observational and descriptive investigation was conducted in a case chain of 33 patients at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital from October 2013 to January 2015. Neurovascular homodigital flaps were applied with direct circulation (17 patients) or indirect circulation (16 patients). Results: male sex was more affected, frequency higher was between 36 and 41 years old and over 41 years old. Four complications were confirmed representing 12 percent 72.7 percent obtained good and excellent results with the application of these surgical techniques receiving an appropriate protector of sensibility and satisfactory cutaneous covering. Application of these procedures was 93.9 percent satisfied. Conclusions: the application of neurovascular homodigital flaps was established on cutaneous defects of digital fingertip of the hand large fingers(AU)

Introduction: les lésions traumatiques de la main sont à l'avant-garde des accidents du travail. Le traitement de ces lésions est visé à restaurer la fonction de la pointe du doigt, améliorant ainsi la qualité de vie du patient. Objectif: l'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer les résultats de l'utilisation du lambeau neurovasculaire homodigital dans le recouvrement des lésions avec une grande perte de substance pulpaire des doigts longs de la main. Méthode: une étude observationnelle et descriptive d'une série de 33 patients, souffrant des lésions pulpaires des doigts longs de la main, a été réalisée à l'hôpital Hermanos Ameijeiras pendant la période comprise entre le 1er octobre 2013 et le 30 janvier 2015; des lambeaux neurovasculaires homodigitaux et monopédiculaires à flux artériel antérograde ont été appliqués chez 17 patients et à flux artériel rétrograde chez 16 patients. Résultats: dans ce groupe, les hommes et les tranches d'âge de 36-41 et >41 ans ont été les plus souvent touchés. Quatre complications ont été constatées (dans 12 pourcent des cas). L'utilisation des techniques chirurgicales a obtenu d'excellents à bons résultats (72,7 pourcent), ainsi qu'une appropriée sensibilisation protectrice et une couverture cutanée satisfaisante. La satisfaction des patients a été significative (93,9 pourcent ). Conclusions: on a constaté l'efficacité du lambeau neurovasculaire homodigital pour le recouvrement des pertes de substance pulpaire des doigts longs de la main(AU)

Reconstruções complexas de membros superiores e inferiores com retalhos de fluxo reverso: uma série de 32 casos / Complex reconstruction of the upper and lower limbs by using reverse-flow flaps: a series of 32 cases

Introdução: A reconstrução de partes moles após perdas de substância do terço distal dos membros superiores e inferiores, principalmente quando associada à exposição de estruturas nobres (osso, tendão, nervos ou vasos sanguíneos), continua a desafiar a cirurgia plástica. Os retalhos fasciocutâneos de fluxo reverso são uma eficiente opção cirúrgica na cobertura de lesões pequenas e médias nesta localização. Método: Foi realizado um estudo clínico retrospectivo, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, de uma série de 32 casos de traumas complexos em membros superiores e inferiores. Resultados: Foram realizados 24 retalhos de fluxo reverso nos membros inferiores e 8 nos membros superiores, observando-se uma cobertura eficaz dos defeitos. Conclusão: Os retalhos de fluxo reverso são confiáveis e apresentam arcos de rotação que permitem a cobertura de lesões diversas no terço distal de membros superiores e inferiores.

Introduction: Reconstruction of the soft tissues after loss of substance in the distal third of the upper and lower limbs, in particular when associated with the exposure of noble structures (bone, tendon, nerves, or blood vessels), remains a challenge in plastic surgery. Fasciocutaneous reverse flow flaps are an efficient surgical option for covering small and medium lesions in this location. Method: A retrospective clinical study was performed on a series of 32 cases of complex trauma of the upper and lower limbs treated between January 2013 and December 2014. Results: A total of 24 reverse-flow flaps were performed in the lower limbs and eight in the upper limbs, resulting in efficient coverage of the defects. Conclusion: Reverse-flow flaps are reliable and present rotation arcs that allow coverage of a variety of lesions in the distal third of the upper and lower limbs.

Transplante de grande omento para reconstrução de lesão complexa na mão / Transplant of the greater omentum for reconstruction of a complex hand injury

O grande omento, uma larga prega de peritônio, pode ser usado como retalho livre em numerosos procedimentos devido à vasta e calibrosa rede de seu pedículo vascular e à sua versatilidade para ser manipulado. Neste relato de caso, nós apresentamos um paciente vítima de complexa lesão de desenluvamento, cujo retalho de grande omento se provou como a melhor opção para a reconstrução da mão dentre as outras opções terapêuticas. O retalho de grande momento é uma opção viável para lesões complexas da mão, oferecendo boa cobertura da lesão e bom resultado funcional e estético.

The greater omentum, a large fold of the peritoneum, can be used as a free flap in numerous procedures due to the extensive network of its broad vascular pedicle and its versatility when manipulated. In this case report, we present a patient with a complex degloving injury, in which an moment flap was the best therapeutic option for reconstruction of the hand. The greater omental flap is a viable option for complex lesions of the hand, and provides good coverage of the lesion and good functional and aesthetic results.

Colgajos fasciocutáneos del antebrazo en el manejo de la mano catastrófica / Fasciocutaneous forearm flaps in the management of the catastrophic hand

En este trabajo se presenta la serie de casos con lesión severa de la mano que requirieron de colgajos antebraquiales como parte de su tratamiento, así como su resultado funcional; se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión traumática de la mano, con grandes pérdidas de cobertura cutánea, a los que se les realizó algún colgajo de flujo reverso de antebrazo durante su reconstrucción. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: tipo de colgajo, sexo, edad, mecanismo de lesión, zona receptora, tamaño, lesiones adyacentes y su tratamiento, prueba de integridad vascular previa a la realización del colgajo, tiempo quirúrgico, seguimiento y complicaciones. Se documentaron un total de 25 pacientes, con 25 colgajos fasciocutáneos de flujo reverso de antebrazo, 15 basados en arteria radial y 10 en arteria interósea posterior. Para los colgajos radiales (CR) se utilizó la prueba de Allen en 13 casos para verificar la integridad del arco palmar superficial; en los otros dos casos se realizó ultrasonido Doppler. En 16 casos (64%), se realizó reconstrucción osteotendinosa, tenorrafia aislada de uno o varios tendones en cuatro casos (16%), osteosíntesis aislada en dos (8%), oponen plastía de Littler en un caso por quemadura eléctrica con un colgajo radial en la cara anterior de la muñeca (4%) y colgajo en forma aislada en dos casos (8%). Tuvimos congestión y pérdida total del CIOP (4%) en un paciente de 67 años. Las indicaciones que se recomiendan para el CIOP son: la cobertura del tercio distal del antebrazo, dorso de mano y dedos, primer espacio interdigital, la región palmar de la muñeca y la mano. Sólo se tuvieron dos casos para cobertura en región palmar de la muñeca y la mano; y se solucionó con colgajos radiales en ambos casos, probablemente por comodidad anatómica...

This paper describes a series of cases with severe hand injury that required antebrachial flaps as part of treatment, and their functional results. The clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of traumatic hand injury and major skin cover losses, reconstructed with a reverse-flow forearm flap, were reviewed. The following variables were studied: type of flap, sex, age, mechanism of injury, receiver site, size, adjacent injuries and their treatment, vascular integrity test prior to flap placement, operative time, follow-up and complications. A total of 25 patients were included, with 25 reverse-flow fasciocutaneous forearm flaps; in 15 of them the blood supply was based on the radial artery and in 10 in the posterior interosseous artery. The Allen test was used in 13 cases of radial flaps (RF) to check the integrity of the superficial palmar arch; Doppler ultrasound was used in the remaining two cases. Sixteen cases (64%) underwent bone and tendon reconstruction, four cases (16%) isolated tenorrhaphy of one or several tendons, two cases (8%) isolated osteosynthesis, one case due to electrical burn underwent Littler opponensplasty with a radial flap in the anterior aspect of the wrist (4%), and in two cases (8%) an isolated flap was used. In one 67 year-old patient (4%) there was congestion and total loss of the posterior interosseous flap. The recommended indications for this type of flap are: coverage of the distal forearm, hand dorsum and fingers, first interdigital space, palmar region of the wrist and hand. Only two cases required coverage of the palmar region of the wrist and hand, and they were both treated with radial flaps, probably for reasons of anatomical convenience...

Trauma complexo da mão parte II: lesão óssea, amputação e reimplante, perda de substância dos dedos, lesão da polpa digital e lesão ungueal / Complex trauma of the hand, part II: bone injury, amputation and replantation, loss of fi nger substance, digital pulp injury and nail injury

O trauma da mão representa uma das lesões que com maior frequência pode deixar sequelas funcionais importantes. A idade mais afetada é a economicamente ativa. Valorizamos o conhecimento adequado do primeiro atendimento e do manejo das lesões mais frequentes na mão traumatizada. Nesta segunda parte, serão abordados os fundamentos e conceitos considerados como essenciais na lesão óssea, amputações e reimplantes, perda de substância na mão, lesão da polpa digital e do complexo ungueal. Procuramos orientar a conduta dos médicos nas diversas situações clínico-cirúrgicas para diminuir o grau de complicações e sequelas (AU)

Hand trauma is one of the injuries that can most often leave important functional sequelae. The most affected age group is economically active people. We appreciate proper knowledge of the initial treatment and management of the most common injuries in the traumatized hand. In this second part we address the fundamentals and concepts considered essential in bone injury, amputation and replantation, loss of substance in the hand, and injuries of digital pulp and ungual complex. We aim to guide the conduct of physicians in different clinical and surgical situations to reduce the degree of complications and sequelae (AU)

Lesión severa de mano por proyectil de arma de fuego de alta energía con artrodesis del carpo e injerto sintético de hueso más fijadores externos: Reporte de un caso / Severe hand injury due to a high-energy gunshot projectile treated with arthrodesis of the carpus, synthetic bone graft and external fixators.: Case report

Antecedentes: La incidencia de heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego en mano de pacientes civiles se ha incrementado en los últimos años, lo cual es causa de incapacidades prolongadas o definitivas con un impacto personal, social y económico. Las lesiones severas de mano incluyen: afección del arco palmar mayor, fractura de dos o más huesos del carpo, luxaciones palmares irreductibles, fracturas articulares de radio distal y lesiones neurovasculares, los cuales requieren de múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos para el manejo de tejidos blandos y musculoesqueléticos. Métodos: Se describe el reporte de un paciente con fractura de los huesos del carpo derecho, expuestos grados IIIB de Gustillo y Anderson por proyectil de arma de fuego, el cual fue tratado con artrodesis del carpo mediante injerto sintético, fijación externa y rotación de colgajo fasciocutáneo. Resultados: Paciente que fue sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico de la lesión del carpo consistente en fractura de todos los huesos del carpo, expuestos grados IIIB de Gustillo y Anderson por proyectil de arma de fuego quien fue sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico mediante artrodesis del carpo con injerto sintético, estabilización con fijador externo y cobertura con colgajo fasciocutáneo, obteniendo una evolución clínica mediante la escala de DASH con un score de 14.2 y Michigan Hand score de 70 puntos con un seguimiento de 12 meses. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con fijación externa más artrodesis del carpo con injerto sintético y cobertura cutánea con colgajo proporcionó un resultado funcional bueno para un paciente con lesión por proyectil de arma de fuego.

Background: The incidence of hand gunshot wounds in civil patients has increased in recent years; it causes long-term or permanent disability and has a personal, social and economic impact. Severe hand injuries include: involvement of the greater palmar arch, fracture of two or more carpal bones, irreducible palmar dislocations, articular fractures of the distal radius, and neurovascular injuries. All of these injuries require multiple surgical procedures for the management of soft and musculoskeletal tissues. Methods: We report the case of a patient with a Gustilo and Anderson grade IIIB open fracture of the right carpal bones caused by a gunshot projectile. He was treated with arthrodesis of the carpus using a synthetic graft, external fixation and rotation of a fasciocutaneous flap. Results: The patient underwent surgical treatment of the carpal injury that consisted of Gustilo and Anderson grade IIIB open fracture of all carpal bones caused by a gunshot projectile. Surgery included arthrodesis of the carpus with a synthetic graft, stabilization with an external fixator, and a fasciocutaneous graft as skin cover. The clinical course according to the DASH scale had a score of 14.2 and the Michigan Hand score was 70, with a 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with external fixation plus arthrodesis of the carpus with a synthetic graft and skin cover using a flap provided a good functional result in a patient who sustained a gunshot wound.

Work-related hand injuries treated at a tertiary care hospital

The hands are known to be the most commonly injured body parts in traumatic occupational injuries. They can be disabling, leading to major adverse social and economic consequences for the worker and for his or her family. The aim of the study was to describe work-related hand injuries and their potential risk factors and also investigate lines of management in relation to the type of injury. Patients who presented to the emergency room of a tertiary hospital over a 6-month period with occupational hand injuries were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire. It included questions pertaining to the sociodemographic, occupational, and medical aspects related to the injury. A total of 163 patients were interviewed. More than 50% had injuries from cuts. Almost 60% of work-related hand injuries occurred in the absence of machines. The most common causes of hand injuries mentioned by workers were lack of concentration [68.7%], wearing no or ill-fitting gloves [63.2%], and a defect in the work place [51.5%]. On examination, fingers were the most affected site [66.7%]. About half of the cases were managed in the emergency room, 28.8% were managed with minor procedures, and 21.9% were managed with major procedures. Work-related hand injuries have multifactorial causes; lack of concentration was the most common in this study. Injuries from cuts were the most common and fingers were the most affected part. Modifications of the possible risk factors may reduce the incidence of acute hand injury at work

Occupational therapy intervention in combination flexor tendon and peripheral nerve injury 10 patients with disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand

Measuring outcomes of intervention is one of the most important components of occupational therapy process. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and hand [DASH] questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure outcomes of the occupational therapy services in the area of hand therapy. The study aims to measure outcomes from interventions of hand therapy in patients with the combined flexor tendon and peripheral nerve injuries in hand. In this cross sectional study, the Persian version of DASH questionnaire was filled by 20 patients with the combined flexor tendon and peripheral nerve injuries [17 males and 3 females with the age range of 18-58 years] referred to Asma Rehabilitation Center and it was reported that there was a relationship between variables of age, gender, literacy and accurate diagnosis [injured flexor tendon and peripheral nerve] with score calculated in DASH questionnaire. According to the variables of age, sex, education level and accurate diagnosis, patients showed that according to the DASH in calculating the mean score of questionnaire, the rate of individual's disability is reduced by increasing age, women show more disability in work performances, the individual's music and sport performances indicate more disability by increasing the educational level and finally, individuals with the combined finger flexor and ulnar nerve have the higher rate of disabilities. Patients with the combined flexor tendon and peripheral nerve injuries experience many disabilities even after surgery and rehabilitation

Bilateral Carpometacarpal Joint Dislocations of the Thumb

A traumatic carpometacarpal joint dislocation of the thumb accounts for less than 1% of all hand injuries. Optimal treatment strategies for this injury are still a subject of debate. In this article, we report a case of bilateral thumb carpometacarpal joint dislocations: a unique combination of injuries. We believe our case is the second report of bilateral carpometacarpal joint dislocation regarding the thumb in English literature. It was successfully treated with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation on one side, and an open reduction and reconstruction of the ligament on the other side.

Effects on Blood Flow Velocity, Wound Healing and Pain in Hand Microsurgery Patients Following Heating on Non-affected Side

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of heating on the non-affected hand on blood flow velocity, wound healing, and pain for hand microsurgery patients. METHODS: This study was designed using the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-nine patients were assigned either to the experimental group (20 patients) or control group (19 patients). Data were analyzed with chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: After treatment in this program, blood flow velocity (F=5.13, p=.008) and wound healing (F=4.11, p=.020) improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. But there was no significant improvement in pain in the experimental group compared to the control group (F=2.40, p=.097). CONCLUSION: Based upon these results, the non-affected side hand heating was recommended as an independent nursing intervention for the patients who need improvement in blood flow velocity and wound healing such as patients who have microsurgery. As the heating was effective even when applied on the non-affected side, it is the applicable to patients who cannot tolerate any therapy on affected side.

Reparación primaria de los tendones flexores en la zona II con una nueva técnica utilizando sutura reabsorbible y movilización activa temprana / Flexor tendon repair in zone II with a new technique using absorbable suture and early active mobilization

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir una nueva técnica de reparación primaria de los tendones flexores con material reabsorbible combinada con movilización activa y pasiva temprana. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 19 pacientes (13 dedos, 7 pulgares) con sección del tendón flexor profundo (zona II) o del flexor largo (zona II-III). Edad promedio: 36 años. Tenorrafia: sutura central de cuatro bandas con dos puntos de Kessler en posición vertical y sutura periférica utilizando material de polidioxanona, rehabilitados con movilización precoz activa y pasiva. Se evaluó el arco total de movilidad (ATM) comparativamente y la distancia pulpejo-palma. Los resultados se clasificaron de acuerdo con la fórmula de Strickland-Glogovac en los dedos y el sistema de Buck-Gramcko en los pulgares. Resultados: El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 23 meses (7 a 47 meses). Hubo un caso de rerrotura. El ATM promedio fue de 146° en los dedos y 44° en los pulgares (contralateral 174° y 62°). Resultados funcionales: excelentes en 9 casos, buenos en 10, y malo en 1 caso. Distancia promedio pulpejo-palma: 0,1 cm. Todos los pacientes manifestaron satisfacción con el resultado. Conclusiones: Las potenciales ventajas son que se trata de una técnica relativamente sencilla, que preserva las propiedades biomecánicas de la sutura dorsal, evita los problemas por cuerpo extraño y parece limitar el daño de la irrigación intratendinosa. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que esta nueva técnica con sutura reabsorbible combinada con movilización activa y pasiva precoz representaría un método seguro y eficaz para la reparación primaria de los tendones flexores en la “zona crítica” de la mano.

Necesitamos revisar las heridas en dorso de mano y antebrazo / Nécessité de la mise en charge des blessures du dos de la main et l'avant-bras / It is necessary to inspect the wounds in hand dorsum and forearm

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones en dorso de mano son urgencias frecuentes de un hospital. Estudiar la relación existente entre la clínica inicial y la afectación tendinosa subyacente en heridas localizadas en esta región. Así como valorar la localización exacta, tipo, y etiología de ellas, por medio de un estudio observacional. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, en el que se valoran 51 pacientes con 55 heridas en dorso de mano y antebrazo, tratadas en urgencias de nuestro hospital durante el periodo de junio a diciembre de 2009. RESULTADOS: La exploración inicial nos ofrece una especificidad y un valor predictivo positivo del 100 por ciento, pero una sensibilidad del 17,14 por ciento y un valor predictivo negativo del 40,81 por ciento con respecto a la presencia de lesión tendinosa. CONCLUSIÓN: Ante la falta de correlación entre la clínica inicial con una posible lesión tendinosa extensora recomendamos la exploración quirúrgica de las heridas en dorso de mano, por su sencillez y aprovechamiento del acto quirúrgico(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Injuries in hand dorsum are frequent hospital emergences. It is necessary to study the relation between initial clinics and the tendinous injuries underlying in wounds present in this region, as well to assess its exact location, the type and etiology through observational study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess 15 patients presenting with wounds in the hand dorsum and forearm, treated in emergency room of our hospital from June to December, 2009. RESULTS: The initial screening offer us a specificity and a positive predictive value of the 100 percent, but a sensitivity of 17,4 percent and a negative predictive value of 40,81 percent regarding the presence of the tendinous injury. CONCLUSION: Due to a lack of correlation between the initial clinics and a possible extensor tendinous injury, it is recommended the surgical exploration of hand dorsum injuries due to its simplicity and use of surgical act(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Les lésions du dos de la main sont des urgences fréquentes d'un hôpital. Le but de cette étude est d'étudier la relation existant entre la clinique initiale et l'affection tendineuse sous-jacente des blessures localisées à cette région, et d'évaluer la localisation exacte, le type et l'étiologie par une étude observationnelle. MÉTHODES: Une étude transversale, portant sur 51 patients atteints de blessures (55) au dos de la main et l'avant-bras, et traités au service des urgences de notre hôpital entre juin et décembre 2009, a été réalisée. RÉSULTATS: L'exploration initiale nous montre une spécificité et une valeur pronostique positive de 100 percent, mais une sensibilité de 17,14 percent et une valeur pronostique négative du 40,81 percent par rapport à la présence des lésions tendineuses. CONCLUSIONS: Devant l'absence de corrélation entre la clinique initiale et une possible lésion du tendon extenseur, il est conseillé de faire une exploration chirurgicale des blessures du dos de la main, car elle est simple et très utile(AU)

Replantation of an amputated hand: a rare case report and acknowledgement of a multidisciplinary team input

An amputation of the hand is a devastating injury. It adversely affects the victim's ability to earn a livelihood, support a family, and carry out daily activities. It has a great psychological impact. We report a middle aged male with an amputation at the level of the distal forearm who underwent replantation. The operative details of this case are described. Awareness of the possibility of salvage should be spread among healthcare personnel and the need for immediate attention by a multispeciality team is advocated. This report reviews the literature related to the operative technique, contraindications and long term results

Amputaciones traumáticas del pulgar: tratamiento primario, principios y resultados / Traumatic thumb amputations: primary treatment, principles and results

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer los principios de manejo primario en las amputaciones traumáticas del pulgar y evaluar los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de estas lesiones. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 25 de 28 pacientes que sufrieron amputaciones completas o incompletas del pulgar entre 2004 y 2009. Dieciocho pacientes presentaban amputaciones totales del pulgar (7 distales a la lúnula) y 7 amputaciones parciales. Las lesiones fueron cortes netos en 17 casos, aplastamiento en 2 casos, y desguantes o avulsiones en 6 casos. La edad promedió 32 años. El tiempo de isquemia promedió 7 horas. En 11 casos se reimplantó el pulgar, en 7 se lo revascularizó, en 4 se realizó un colgajo de avance de Moberg y en 3, un colgajo pediculado neurovascularizado en isla. Siete casos necesitaron un by-pass. Resultados: El seguimiento promedió 20 meses. Tres reimplantes fallaron. Cuatro pacientes necesitaron colgajos en isla pediculados en forma secundaria. Todos los pacientes recuperaron la sensibilidad protectora y 17 retornaron a sus tareas previas. Seis pacientes refieren intolerancia al frío. El DASH promedió 20 puntos. Conclusiones: En una amputación traumática del pulgar pueden obtenerse buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales mediante la adecuada selección del procedimiento reconstructivo por realizar según el nivel de amputación, una prolija técnica microquirúrgica, la reparación o reconstrucción minuciosa de las estructuras lesionadas, la adecuada cobertura de las estructuras reparadas y la fisioterapia especializada.